논문

The structure of government included as central and local government in Asian countries changes constantly, sometimes rapidly and dramatically through administration reforms and reorganization, sometimes slowly and imperceptibly through the interaction social, administrative, global, and political forces. But the results of those changes are often most visible and profound in Asian nations, where the government plays a dominant role in guiding national development approach since 1950s.
One of the most crucial debates in the Asian nations is about the degree of control that central governments can and should have over development planning and administration. Thus, it should not be surprising that as the directions of development strategy shifted over the past four decades; questions about the most appropriate forms of planning and administering development policies should have arisen in so many Asian countries.1) During the 1990s, many governments in Asia began to experiment not only with new approaches to development, but also with new political, administrative and global managements for planning and managing development programs and projects.
The increasing interest in decentralizing authority for planning and administration to regional and local agencies, local governments and special purpose organizations arose from three converging forces; first, from disillusionment with the results of central planning and control of development activities during the 1950s and 1960s; second, from the implicit requirements for new ways of managing development programs and projects that were embodied in growth-with-equity strategies that emerged during the 1970s; and third, from the growing realization that as societies become more complex, global and government activities began to expand, it becomes increasingly difficult to plan and administer all development activities effectively and efficiently from the central government during the 1980s and 1990s2)
Globalization of the world economy will require cities and metropolitan areas to adapt their economic bases and cultures to the needs of international competition during the 1990s and the early years of the twenty-first century. The world economy is being restructured not only by technological changes but by the geographic movement of all factors of production. This mobility will change the location of production as well as the direction and volume of flows of trade and investment among urban and regional centers as local autonomy unit.3)
The opening of the world economy, the reduction of national government intervention in internal markets, and the expansion of cross-border transactions will not only make nation-states more interdependent, but will require their cities to participate more actively in international competition in order to remain economically viable. In the future, urban economic vitability will depend on not only expanding international trade but also using new technology on production system.
The universal ethics is not a question of absolute ethics that transcends the limits of time and space and is applicable to any society at any given time. Asian nations are seeking a solution to the question of universal ethics demanded by our times on the threshold of the 21st century. The universal ethics indicates two basic virtues : autonomy and social order. Asian nations also try to approach the autonomy and social order for achieving the decentralization and globalization in the twenty-first century.
The objective of study is to evaluate and suggest the development strategy on decentralization and globalization in Asian nations for twenty-first century. This paper also describes decentralization and globalization trend in Asian nations. Decentralization and globalization will enforce the individual freedom and human right in Asia nations.